Your Money and American History
Chapter 2
Fast Time, Slow Time
Your financial life moves in Fast Time and Slow Time.1
In Slow Time, things shuffle along. You hear good news and bad. New inventions will revolutionize the world! They mostly make you switch charging cables. Big changes are coming from D.C.! You drive on the same bumpy road to work. Most of life is lived this way. Lots of talk, but it’s noise. Slow Time.
Fast Time is different. The effects of money decisions, both wise and foolish, suddenly happen all at once like a flood. Financial life (from the value of a 401(k) to your uncle wanting his money back) changes under the pressure of all the other financial activity happening rapidly. Time went slowly, then all at once.
Most of your financial work is done in Slow Time. Most of your gains or losses appear in Fast Time. Life happens in Slow Time, and when Fast Time comes, you won’t remember you read this book. You’ll be too busy telling the kids everything is okay. Or, if you are lucky, job offers, business sales, or other payoffs from wise choices will come in swift batches over the space of a few weeks or months. A lifetime of work and investment will pay out big. Either way, the pace of change won’t last. Soon, life will return to Slow Time in a new equilibrium that feels better or worse than before.
You live most of your life in Slow Time. You get rich in Fast Time.
This is the opposite of today’s money guru advice, that the way ahead is by steadily accumulating savings for fifty years. In history, and today, most people who got rich worked slowly, but their paydays came suddenly.
The distinction is vital for you to absorb and apply. In Fast Time, prices, job openings, and debt start to move together; everyday people are not in control of their own destiny. They are along for the ride. You can certainly make it worse, but most of what happens in Fast Time is done to you.
For everyday people in America, Slow Time matters most.2 What you set in motion during Slow Time is what confronts the whirlwind in Fast Time. This may be the opposite of what is true for stock traders, where huge fortunes are made and lost in the heat of battle. But for you and me, Slow Time is where the real work gets done, and where you can act on the world. The right decisions in Slow Time (who to marry, which career paths to take, what you get addicted to) are what prepare you to survive, or thrive, in Fast Time.
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Mistaking Slow Time for Fast Time changed my town forever and, as a bonus, inspired the Netflix hit series Schitt’s Creek. I live today in Braselton, Georgia, a tiny town outside of Atlanta once owned by superstar actress Kim Basinger3. Depending on your generation, you know her as a Bond girl (Never Say Never Again), Viki Vale (Batman), Eminem’s mom (8 Mile), or that really old Fem-dom (Fifty-Shades Darker). She owned the town. As. An. Investment.
Her plan was to put a tourist attraction in the empty mills and build a movie studio . . . in Georgia . . . in the 90s. But building a dream happens in Slow Time. Taxes mount. Investors get anxious. Investments take more investments, and soon you run out of cash. Basinger declared bankruptcy. Actor Eugene Levy found the story in a Google search, and the rest was pandemic-era comedy gold starring himself as a failed businessman whose final remaining possession is a backwater town with a funny name.
But who gets the last laugh? Today, the fastest growing movie production studios in the world, bigger than New York and soon to overtake California, are in “Y’allywood,” a district just outside Metro Atlanta4. The town Basinger bought is home to one of Atlanta’s largest tourist attractions, a winery and resort called Chateau Elan. They sell accessible French luxury on Georgia clay. It’s surrounded by the mansions of pro athletes, famous rappers, C-level reality stars, and (oddly enough) me. And it works. It’s profitable. You should visit. Basinger, bless her heart, just didn’t understand that she couldn’t speed up Time.
A British journalist observed “delusion lies in the conception of time5” because dreamers seek “to condense the future into a few days.” The Brits are better with words than we are. Most Americans just say, “hold your horses.”
An American who held his was Norman McGhee6, one of the first black stockbrokers and a Midwest business titan. Born in the rural South in 1897, he worked his way through Howard University as a railway porter, studying banking law. He learned business from the bottom up with the headwinds of Jim Crow blowing in his face. By his mid-thirties, he knew much, but was worth little.
Then came the Great Depression. While others felt the crush of Fast Time and lost their homes, McGhee made his first fortune. Seventy years before the 2008 bubble burst, before Blackstone and corporate-landlord–gate, McGhee took what he knew about borrowed money and bought over 100 foreclosed homes, turning them into rentals. Possessing little money but a keen sense of opportunity, he became one of America’s first $0 down real estate investors, buying with 100 percent borrowed funds, renting to pay the mortgages, and holding on for dear life for values to rise. That move eventually helped him break the race barrier on Wall Street. When Fast Time came, Norman McGee became one of the most important black businessmen of his generation—because he knew how to think about Time.
Neither of these stories—the beautiful bankrupt or the Jim Crow millionaire—is what we think happened in their respective eras. The 90s were when Ace of Base saw the signs of a booming economy, and it opened up everyone’s eyes. The Depression was filled with Woody Guthrie songs and faces of failure. Basinger, though, mistook Slow Time for Fast, thinking the future would be willing to get here quickly. McGhee, who labored patiently watching and learning through Slow Time, turned history on its head.
Be Careful How you Read History
Reading history distorts time. It makes everything seem Fast. This is important; understanding it can save your financial hide from applying the wrong lessons. Reading history and living history are not the same thing.
Most financial history is Doom or Boom. Everything is always in crisis and everyone should have seen “it” coming, whatever “it” was: tulips, overindebted railroads or houses, tech businesses with no customers, Beanie Babies, or Bored Apes NFTs. Everything feels Fast. A day goes by in a word, a week in a paragraph, and a month on a page. Entire years of financial ups and downs take up less space than a credit card in bestselling books and viral stories. (For future readers, a credit card is a thin piece of plastic people used to pay for things before using their phones.)
The real role of such histories is to give the reader a thrill. It’s a murder movie, where we scream at the characters, “Look behind you! The sub-prime mortgage lender is behind you!!!” For the real characters, though, history was boring. Everyone who should have seen it coming lived those years in Slow, laborious Time. The change wasn’t a page away for them. It was a thousand days of kids and marital spats and the flu and sports teams breaking their hearts again. The end didn’t seem right around the corner because it wasn’t. The bull markets didn’t feel close, either. It is hard to see bust OR boom coming when you are in Slow Time.
Want to see how seemingly Slow (but important) Time can be? Try tractor trailers. In 1956, shipping changed forever7 when a crane gingerly loaded fifty-eight truck containers onto a rusting World War II-era tanker ship in New Jersey. The whole thing was a crazy experiment to see if it would be cheaper to ship in simple metal boxes what normally took hundreds of men immense effort to load, item by item, at the docks. It was . . . a lot cheaper. Before that moment in Newark, shipping things across long distances, much less across the oceans, was massively expensive. All manufacturing occurred close to home, and a lot of it occurred in New England. Now, you could ship anything, dirt cheap, all over the globe by putting it in a trailer, loading the trailer on a boat, and plopping the box onto the back of an eighteen-wheeler at port. The world would never be the same.
Except the world looked very much the same for quite some time. A young investor named Warren Buffett was so sure Fast Time wouldn’t come that he bought a struggling textile mill called Berkshire Hathaway, assuming clothes would always be made in the USA. Nearly a decade after the shipping container revolution started, he wasn’t worried in the least about competition from China. Shipping containers required ships that didn’t exist yet (the World War II ship had to be retrofitted for the experiment). New ships are crazy expensive to build. It would take generations for foreign competitors to creep in on good old American manufacturing.
Then Vietnam happened. The U.S. government needed to haul weapons and supplies across the Pacific quickly and cheaply, so the military subsidized building lots of those new ships and their containers. By 1973, the war was over, and all those ships were looking for something to do. Cheap metal boxes saying “Now Hiring Drivers” and “Wash Me” meant you could make something anywhere in the world and have it on I-95 three weeks later. Berkshire Hathaway hasn’t made a garment in over fifty years. When Fast Time arrives, it can take money even from Warren Buffett.
Honing your awareness that change, though certain, comes Slow then Fast is like a Spidey-Sense for the financial soul. Knowledge of history, real history, develops a profound awareness that the future is likely to look different than the present, but not when or how everyone is expecting. “A historical sense8,” said one famous historian, is “an intuitive understanding of how things do not happen.” Those who can live in the present while building in the expectation for change—even if they aren’t always sure just how or when it’s coming—have a leg up on those who presume the brave new world of tomorrow will actually arrive tomorrow (or, on the flip side, never).
Most of the strategies in history that worked are Slow Time strategies that paid out in Fast Time. The idea is ancient: there is sowing and reaping, but the reaping part often comes suddenly. Fast Time comes for us all, but it rarely comes when we expect it. It rewards the prepared.